Pulp and Paper

The word paper springs from the name of the reedy plant papyrus, which grows abundantly along the Nile in Egypt.

Papyrus was the foremost widely used writing material in past , and much of papyrus records still survive.

Paper pulp, staple for paper manufacture that contains vegetable, mineral, or man-made fibers.

It forms an unclean or tangle sheet on a screen when moisture is removed.

Paper is that the essential material used for written communication and thus the dissemination of knowledge.

Cellulosic fibers and other plant materials are used to make pulp and paper. Some synthetic materials could even be used to impart special qualities to the finished product. Paper is made from wood fibers, rags, flax, cotton, and sugar cane residues are also utilized in some papers.

Used paper could even be recycled, and after purifying and sometimes drinking, it are often blended with virgin fibers and reformed again into paper.

Fibers, like grass, bark of the mitsumata and paper mulberry, and straw, are used as paper pulp.

Except for certain special papers, nearly all papers are made from cellulosic fibers.

Forests of the earth contain a superb number of species, which may be divided into two groups:deciduous trees, usually called hardwoods, coniferous trees, usually called softwoods.

From about 2-4 mm(millimetre) long measures softwood cellulose fibers , and from about 0.5-1.5 mm(millimetre) range of hardwood fibers.

The greater length of softwood fibers increase strength to paper and therefore the shorter hardwood fibers fill within the sheet and provides it opacity and a soft surface.

Cotton and linen fibers, derived from textile and garment mill cuttings; cotton linters; flax fibers; and clean, sorted rags are still used for those grades of paper during which maximum durability, strength, and permanence, also as fine formation, colour, texture, and feel, are required.

These properties are attributed to the greater length, purity and fineness of rag fiber as compared with most pulp.

Steps involved within the Pulp and Papermaking Process:

1) Preparation of raw materials

2) Separation of Fiber

3) Paper Pulp Bleaching Process

4) Papermaking Process

Most book papers are made up of various combinations of chemical wood pulp; semichemical, de-inked wastepaper,  for lower-priced grades groundwood also are used.

Bond papers are classified into two groups: rag content pulp and chemical pulp .

The principal uses of bond are for announcements, letterhead stationery, currency, insurance policies, advertising pieces, certificates, judgments another legal documents.